What is defined as an organization's plan for how it will raise and spend money during a specific period of time?

The correct choice is the budget, which is defined as an organization's plan for how it will raise and spend money during a specific period of time. A budget serves as a financial roadmap that outlines expected income and expenditures. It helps organizations allocate resources efficiently, evaluate financial performance, and make informed decisions about future investments and activities.

A budget is typically prepared for a specific time frame, such as annually or quarterly, and allows a company to track its financial health and performance against its goals. By regularly reviewing the budget, organizations can adjust their spending and income strategies as necessary to ensure they remain financially stable and can achieve their objectives.

In contrast, a financial report is a document that provides information about the financial status of an organization, detailing its income, expenses, assets, and liabilities but does not involve a plan for future income and spending. An investment plan refers to strategies for investing capital but does not encompass overall budgeting or spending plans within the organization. Lastly, monetary policy is a broader economic concept related to the control of the money supply and interest rates in an economy, often implemented by a government or central bank, rather than something specific to an individual organization's budgetary practices.