Which option best describes the process of setting specific roles for employees in an organization?

Departmentalization is the process by which an organization divides its activities into distinct units, assigning specific roles and responsibilities to employees within those units. This structure helps streamline operations and ensures that employees are focused on particular functions, such as marketing, finance, or human resources. By organizing employees into departments, organizations can enhance specialization, improve efficiency, and clarify expectations regarding individual roles.

The other options do not fully capture the systematic approach organizations use to define roles:

• Employee segmentation implies dividing employees based on certain characteristics, but it doesn't necessarily establish specific roles and responsibilities within the organizational structure.

• Role distribution suggests a more informal allocation of tasks but lacks the formalized approach of departmentalization and does not inherently involve creating distinct functional areas within the organization.

• Work group identification refers to recognizing and establishing teams that may work together on specific projects or tasks, but it does not encompass the broader organizational structure that departmentalization entails.

In essence, departmentalization provides a structured framework for assigning roles, thereby enhancing organizational effectiveness and clarity.